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Heartwood:  The older, nonliving central wood of a tree, usually darker and harder than the younger sapwood. Unlike the sapwood, it no longer conducts water, and its main function is the support of the tree.   The older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood 

 

Sapwood:  The newly formed outer wood located just inside the vascular cambium of a tree trunk and active in the conduction of water. Sapwood is usually lighter in color than heartwood.   The softer part of the wood between the inner bark and the heartwood.

 

Figuring:  the natural pattern on a sawed wood surface produced by the intersection of knots, burls, growth rings, etc.

 

Janka:  The Janka test measures the force required to embed an 11.28 millimeter (0.444 inch) steel ball into wood to half its diameter. This method was chosen so that the result would leave an indention 100 square millimeters in size. It is one of the best measures of the ability of a wood species to withstand denting and wear. It is also a good indicator of how hard a species is to saw or nail.

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